Eli5

Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) are more complex than RSA or ElGamal but I will try my best to hide the hairy math and the implementation details.

ElGamal is a public key cryptosystem that is used in encryption , digital signature and homomorphic cryptography.

Here is my take in 12 lines of Python code:

RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) needs no introduction, it is well known and most used public-key cryptosystem that governs our digital lives.